Macias v. Nichols

Issue: (1) Whether the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit departed from the Supreme Court"s qualified-immunity decisions by finding the officers violated a clearly-established right without acknowledging the governing standard, defining the right specifically or identifying a case involving similar facts; and (2) whether the 9th Circuit"s rule that "civil disputes cannot give rise to probable cause" is overly broad, as the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit has suggested, and inconsistent with District of Columbia v. Wesby.