Sudan v. Owens

(1) Whether plaintiffs suing a foreign state bear a "lighter burden" in establishing the facts necessary for jurisdiction than in proving a case on the merits despite the Supreme Court"s holding to the contrary " at the urging of the Solicitor General and the Department of State " in Venezuela v. Helmerich & Payne International Drilling Co.; (2) whether plaintiffs suing a foreign state can establish facts necessary for jurisdiction "based solely upon" the opinion testimony of so-called "terrorism experts," when the record lacks admissible factual evidence sufficient to establish jurisdiction; and (3) whether plaintiffs" failure to prove a foreign state "either specifically intended or directly advanced" a terrorist attack is "irrelevant to proximate cause and jurisdictional causation," when (i) the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act"s "terrorism exception" establishes jurisdiction over a foreign state only when the foreign state provided material support "for" a specified act of terrorism, and (ii) proximate causation requires a "direct relationship" between the defendant"s conduct and the resultant injury. CVSG: 05/21/2019.