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Todd v. American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees

Certiorari Denied

Petition for certiorari denied on December 8, 2025.

Docket No.24-1305
Op. Below8th Cir.

Issue

When a public-sector union gets the government to divert an employee’s pay by stating that he consented to join the union, is it a state actor such that the “clear and compelling evidence” First Amendment standard of Janus applies?

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