Siegelman v. United States

Whether the McCormick v. United States standard -- under which a connection between a campaign contribution and an official action is a crime "only if the payments are made in return for an explicit promise or undertaking by the official to perform or not to perform an official act" -- requires proof of an "explicit" quid pro quo in the sense of actually being communicated expressly, or whether there can be a conviction based instead only on the inference that there was an unstated and implied agreement connecting a campaign contribution and an official action; (2) whether 18 U.S.C. § 666 and "honest services" law (under 18 U.S.C. § 1346) cover campaign or referendum contributions as alleged bribes at all; and (3) whether the "intent" clause of 18 U.S.C. § 1512(b)(3) requires proof of the specific intent to interfere with communications to law enforcement, or whether it is satisfied by proof of an intent to engage in a "coverup" more generically.