Occidental Petroleum Corporation v. Carijano

(1) Whether, in an action brought by foreign plaintiffs for alleged injuries occurring in a foreign country to foreign land and foreign citizens, the foreign plaintiffs can obtain a strong presumption in favor of a U.S. forum by adding a nominal U.S. plaintiff for the tactical purpose of defeating a forum non conveniens dismissal; and (2) whether a federal court may assume hypothetically that it has Article III jurisdiction for the purpose of denying a forum non conveniens dismissal and retaining a case in federal court.