Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers v. Environmental Protection Agency

(1) Whether engine manufacturers have standing under Article III because they demonstrated that the Clean Air Act's waiver for the fuel additive "E15" (15% ethanol/85% gasoline) will cause them injury in fact; (2) whether prudential standing is non-jurisdictional and therefore can be waived by a government agency"s (here, EPA"s) failure to raise it; and (3) whether, in assessing a regulated entity"s Article III standing to challenge regulatory action, an apparent "option" to comply with a statutory scheme should be viewed as coercive if use of the "option" is practically required.