Carter v. California

Issue: (1) Whether the California police officer violated petitioner Gregory N. Carter’s rights under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution by detaining him for jaywalking and, without arresting or taking him into custody, by searching him for identification or officer safety; (2) whether, under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the California police officer had reasonable suspicion to conduct a pat search of Carter’s outer clothing after stopping him for jaywalking, due to his failure to show identification and his wearing of bulky clothing in a high-crime area with heavy pedestrian traffic; and (3) whether the use of the waiver or forfeiture doctrine by the California Court of Appeal diluted the protection of the Fourth Amendment in the state’s trial courts and violated Carter’s state-created right to appeal his motion to suppress under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.