Bormuth v. Jackson County, Michigan

Issues: (1) Whether legislative prayers delivered by legislators comport with the Supreme Court’s decision in Town of Greece v. Galloway, or whether it constitutes government speech that violates the establishment clause and the historical understanding of our founders as expressed in their statements and practices and the Treaty of Tripoli; (2) whether the command “all rise and assume a reverent position” given by a government official before a prayer opportunity constitutes coercion under the standard created by the plurality opinion in Town of Greece v. Galloway; and (3) whether Federal Rule of Evidence 201 requires an appellate court to take judicial notice of evidence that is not subject to reasonable dispute when a party requests it.