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	<title>Comments on: The View From Cambridge: Professor Fried on the Guns Case</title>
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		<title>By: Curtis Oakes</title>
		<link>http://www.scotusblog.com/2008/03/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15344</link>
		<dc:creator>Curtis Oakes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2008 06:48:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scotusblog.com/wp/commentary-and-analysis/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15344</guid>
		<description>â€œExtremist interpretationâ€ is a rather harsh sounding judgment.  It belies a foregone conclusion, a prefabricated position.  Iâ€™d like to hear him argue why the position of the NRA, which represents millions of â€œthe peopleâ€, is extreme?  Iâ€™m an NRA member, now I am an extremist?   And this guy is on my side?
He gave the SG an A+ because he did his job.  Remember, he works for the government so his duty is to look out for the government.  What?  You say the government is supposed to be looking out for the people?  The people?  Who?
Post 17, I have a lot of issues here.  I notice that the further away from reality one is, the more technical they attempt to parlay their position!:
â€œStare Decisisâ€?  OK, look at past decisions and their justifications, yes, but rely on them?  No.  If that were the case then you, my dear, would not have the right to vote, and we would not have the right to discuss this over a beer.
Point 2, the historical argument â€“ Shaysâ€™ rebellion bad, Boston Tea Party good.  By that argument, rebellion bad, and weâ€™d still be British subjects. Sorry, not buying it.
Policy argument â€“ youâ€™re pontificating.  You rely on a corrupt media to make your case?  If thatâ€™s all you have then you have less than nothing.  By your argument a criminal has more right to kill me and my family than I do to kill him or her for trying.  What if it was your family?  Are you willing to sacrifice their lives to prove your dishonest, politically driven point of view?
Post 21 â€“ Amen, and simper fi</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>â€œExtremist interpretationâ€ is a rather harsh sounding judgment.  It belies a foregone conclusion, a prefabricated position.  Iâ€™d like to hear him argue why the position of the NRA, which represents millions of â€œthe peopleâ€, is extreme?  Iâ€™m an NRA member, now I am an extremist?   And this guy is on my side?</p>
<p>He gave the SG an A+ because he did his job.  Remember, he works for the government so his duty is to look out for the government.  What?  You say the government is supposed to be looking out for the people?  The people?  Who?</p>
<p>Post 17, I have a lot of issues here.  I notice that the further away from reality one is, the more technical they attempt to parlay their position!:<br />
â€œStare Decisisâ€?  OK, look at past decisions and their justifications, yes, but rely on them?  No.  If that were the case then you, my dear, would not have the right to vote, and we would not have the right to discuss this over a beer.</p>
<p>Point 2, the historical argument â€“ Shaysâ€™ rebellion bad, Boston Tea Party good.  By that argument, rebellion bad, and weâ€™d still be British subjects. Sorry, not buying it.</p>
<p>Policy argument â€“ youâ€™re pontificating.  You rely on a corrupt media to make your case?  If thatâ€™s all you have then you have less than nothing.  By your argument a criminal has more right to kill me and my family than I do to kill him or her for trying.  What if it was your family?  Are you willing to sacrifice their lives to prove your dishonest, politically driven point of view?</p>
<p>Post 21 â€“ Amen, and simper fi</p>
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		<title>By: John Schedler</title>
		<link>http://www.scotusblog.com/2008/03/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15281</link>
		<dc:creator>John Schedler</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 2008 00:01:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scotusblog.com/wp/commentary-and-analysis/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15281</guid>
		<description>My grandfather fought in WW1 (5th Marines).  He told me short-barreled shotguns were in common use.  It is the most useful weapon for close combat in narrow trenches.  The Remington pump, by the way.
In WW2 my uncle (7th Marines) told me they often shortened the barrel and action of the still ubiquitous Remington pump because it the weapon of choice in the jungle.
The absence of procurement of shotguns probably says more about how many were already in stock than anything else.  I was a grunt in Vietnam (26th Marines).  M1911A1 (Browning .45 cal auto)pistols were ubiquitous, but you wouldn&#039;t know that by procurement records.  The Corps had not procured a new .45 since 1945.  That was till true in 1981 when I left the reserves (4th Shore Party Bn).
More to the point, shotguns with shortened barrels were ubiquitous in the RVN. (The same Remington pump.) They were and are vastly superior to the M-16A1 in the jungle and close combat.  That goes double for combat in buildings.  I say this from experience up close and personal.
So, the short-barreled shotgun had considerable military utility in 1917, 1939 (Miller), 1968 and so it remains to this day.
Finally, vis a vis the &quot;purpose&quot; of a gun, I am reminded of a comment my grandfather &amp; father often made to my brothers and I: &quot;Never blame a tool for your own mistakes.&quot;  Guns are tools.  What counts is how the tools are used.
Blaming a tool is a form of thinking with feelings.  It never solves anything.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My grandfather fought in WW1 (5th Marines).  He told me short-barreled shotguns were in common use.  It is the most useful weapon for close combat in narrow trenches.  The Remington pump, by the way.</p>
<p>In WW2 my uncle (7th Marines) told me they often shortened the barrel and action of the still ubiquitous Remington pump because it the weapon of choice in the jungle.</p>
<p>The absence of procurement of shotguns probably says more about how many were already in stock than anything else.  I was a grunt in Vietnam (26th Marines).  M1911A1 (Browning .45 cal auto)pistols were ubiquitous, but you wouldn&#8217;t know that by procurement records.  The Corps had not procured a new .45 since 1945.  That was till true in 1981 when I left the reserves (4th Shore Party Bn).</p>
<p>More to the point, shotguns with shortened barrels were ubiquitous in the RVN. (The same Remington pump.) They were and are vastly superior to the M-16A1 in the jungle and close combat.  That goes double for combat in buildings.  I say this from experience up close and personal.</p>
<p>So, the short-barreled shotgun had considerable military utility in 1917, 1939 (Miller), 1968 and so it remains to this day.</p>
<p>Finally, vis a vis the &#8220;purpose&#8221; of a gun, I am reminded of a comment my grandfather &amp; father often made to my brothers and I: &#8220;Never blame a tool for your own mistakes.&#8221;  Guns are tools.  What counts is how the tools are used.</p>
<p>Blaming a tool is a form of thinking with feelings.  It never solves anything.</p>
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		<title>By: James N. Gibson</title>
		<link>http://www.scotusblog.com/2008/03/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15277</link>
		<dc:creator>James N. Gibson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2008 22:45:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scotusblog.com/wp/commentary-and-analysis/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15277</guid>
		<description>If you want to be technical, the shotgun was used over two hundred years ago in the Revolution because of general need. Under the 1792 militia Act it was prohibited for militia duty. Instead everyone was to use a smoothbore musket and fire Buck and Ball which was a combo round.
However you missed the point, only shotguns with barrels under 18 inches are classified as a sawed-off shotgun, and none of the military ones are. And if the defined weapon is not being used by the military it has no reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you want to be technical, the shotgun was used over two hundred years ago in the Revolution because of general need. Under the 1792 militia Act it was prohibited for militia duty. Instead everyone was to use a smoothbore musket and fire Buck and Ball which was a combo round. </p>
<p>However you missed the point, only shotguns with barrels under 18 inches are classified as a sawed-off shotgun, and none of the military ones are. And if the defined weapon is not being used by the military it has no reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia</p>
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		<title>By: Bryan Manka</title>
		<link>http://www.scotusblog.com/2008/03/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15274</link>
		<dc:creator>Bryan Manka</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2008 21:53:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scotusblog.com/wp/commentary-and-analysis/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15274</guid>
		<description>Short barreled shotguns have been used by police, military, and other US Governmental agencies for over 100 years, they are in current use by all the above, plus they are legal own as civilians if you are willing to pay a $200 tax to the BATF.  What percentage they make up of the general population of firearms is irrelevant.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Short barreled shotguns have been used by police, military, and other US Governmental agencies for over 100 years, they are in current use by all the above, plus they are legal own as civilians if you are willing to pay a $200 tax to the BATF.  What percentage they make up of the general population of firearms is irrelevant.</p>
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		<title>By: James N. Gibson</title>
		<link>http://www.scotusblog.com/2008/03/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15266</link>
		<dc:creator>James N. Gibson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2008 18:46:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scotusblog.com/wp/commentary-and-analysis/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15266</guid>
		<description>One more comment regarding the sawed-off shotgun. Under federal law (the law Miller is defending) to officially be a sawed-off shotgun the barrel length must be less then 18 inches and or an overall length  less then 26 inches. All the shotguns used in by the military in WW1, WW2 and in present service have 20 inch barrels and full stocks. Thus, legally these military shotguns are not sawed-off shotguns and Miller doesn&#039;t apply.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One more comment regarding the sawed-off shotgun. Under federal law (the law Miller is defending) to officially be a sawed-off shotgun the barrel length must be less then 18 inches and or an overall length  less then 26 inches. All the shotguns used in by the military in WW1, WW2 and in present service have 20 inch barrels and full stocks. Thus, legally these military shotguns are not sawed-off shotguns and Miller doesn&#8217;t apply.</p>
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		<title>By: James N. Gibson</title>
		<link>http://www.scotusblog.com/2008/03/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15264</link>
		<dc:creator>James N. Gibson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2008 18:23:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scotusblog.com/wp/commentary-and-analysis/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15264</guid>
		<description>Actually the shotgun was not commonly used by the military in 1938-39. Very few were actually used in combat in world War 1, the majority were carried by military Police given it was a Police riot gun. Estimates are only 19,600 were actually procured compared to the one million plus bolt action rifles used by American forces. After the war they were used by military prison guards and to guard US mail shipments. Its like the Thompson which also came into existence in WW1 but saw only limited service prior to WW2. Both were carried by special units within the military and only for specific duties. The average soldier carried a bolt action rifle until 1940, two years after Miller.
Its only gun control historians that now say the sawed-off shotgun was in common use by the military in 1938. Its like Breyers comment that under the 1792 militia Act pistols were reserved to the officers. Thats modernisum creeping in, the 1792 Act actually required the officers to carry a sword. Pistols are only mentioned in the Act in regards to the cavalry units of the militia and pistols were to be carried by all cavalry members regardless of rank in the unit.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Actually the shotgun was not commonly used by the military in 1938-39. Very few were actually used in combat in world War 1, the majority were carried by military Police given it was a Police riot gun. Estimates are only 19,600 were actually procured compared to the one million plus bolt action rifles used by American forces. After the war they were used by military prison guards and to guard US mail shipments. Its like the Thompson which also came into existence in WW1 but saw only limited service prior to WW2. Both were carried by special units within the military and only for specific duties. The average soldier carried a bolt action rifle until 1940, two years after Miller.</p>
<p>Its only gun control historians that now say the sawed-off shotgun was in common use by the military in 1938. Its like Breyers comment that under the 1792 militia Act pistols were reserved to the officers. Thats modernisum creeping in, the 1792 Act actually required the officers to carry a sword. Pistols are only mentioned in the Act in regards to the cavalry units of the militia and pistols were to be carried by all cavalry members regardless of rank in the unit.</p>
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		<title>By: Bryan Manka</title>
		<link>http://www.scotusblog.com/2008/03/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15260</link>
		<dc:creator>Bryan Manka</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2008 17:41:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scotusblog.com/wp/commentary-and-analysis/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15260</guid>
		<description>Sarah,
I&#039;m intrigued at your interpretation of the Miller finding.  The courts finding was,
&quot;In the absence of any evidence tending to show that possession or use of a &#039;shotgun having a barrel of less than eighteen inches in length&#039; at this time has some reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia, we cannot say that the Second Amendment guarantees the right to keep and bear such an instrument.&quot;
Short barreled shotguns were commonly used in military service at the time, but since Miller&#039;s council was not present at the hearing the opportunity such evidence was never presented.  Since it is easily proven that such weapons were in common use, should the SCOTUS now - with the express knowledge that such weapons were and are commonly used by the military / militia - use principle of Stare Decisis to expand on the Miller precidence and find short barreled shotguns and machine guns within the class of Arms protected by the 2nd Amendment?
I presume you know the answer but don&#039;t like the result.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sarah,</p>
<p>I&#8217;m intrigued at your interpretation of the Miller finding.  The courts finding was, </p>
<p>&#8220;In the absence of any evidence tending to show that possession or use of a &#8216;shotgun having a barrel of less than eighteen inches in length&#8217; at this time has some reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia, we cannot say that the Second Amendment guarantees the right to keep and bear such an instrument.&#8221;</p>
<p>Short barreled shotguns were commonly used in military service at the time, but since Miller&#8217;s council was not present at the hearing the opportunity such evidence was never presented.  Since it is easily proven that such weapons were in common use, should the SCOTUS now &#8211; with the express knowledge that such weapons were and are commonly used by the military / militia &#8211; use principle of Stare Decisis to expand on the Miller precidence and find short barreled shotguns and machine guns within the class of Arms protected by the 2nd Amendment?</p>
<p>I presume you know the answer but don&#8217;t like the result.</p>
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		<title>By: Andrejs Vanags</title>
		<link>http://www.scotusblog.com/2008/03/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15258</link>
		<dc:creator>Andrejs Vanags</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2008 17:27:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scotusblog.com/wp/commentary-and-analysis/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15258</guid>
		<description>My understanding is that every prior Supreme Court decision, as well as discussions in dissents of other opinions support the individual right to bear arms (yes, I read Miller to say it supports an individual&#039;s right to bear arms). Therefore I agree with Sarah Klein&#039;s statement that &#039;stare decisis&#039; should prevail, but I reach the opposite conclusion, that a clear statement of the individual right to possess and use firearms should be made by the Supreme Court.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My understanding is that every prior Supreme Court decision, as well as discussions in dissents of other opinions support the individual right to bear arms (yes, I read Miller to say it supports an individual&#8217;s right to bear arms). Therefore I agree with Sarah Klein&#8217;s statement that &#8216;stare decisis&#8217; should prevail, but I reach the opposite conclusion, that a clear statement of the individual right to possess and use firearms should be made by the Supreme Court.</p>
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		<title>By: Turk Turon</title>
		<link>http://www.scotusblog.com/2008/03/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15257</link>
		<dc:creator>Turk Turon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2008 17:05:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scotusblog.com/wp/commentary-and-analysis/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15257</guid>
		<description>Saying that the only purpose of a gun is to kill is false.
That&#039;s like saying that the only purpose of a car is to burn fuel. The purpose of a car is to provide transportation; in doing so, it may burn fuel, but that is not its purpose. And an ideal car would provide transportation without burning any fuel at all.
In the same way, the purpose of a gun is NOT to kill; the purpose of a gun is to provide security. In providing that security, it may kill, but that is not its primary purpose. And the ideal gun would provide security without killing anyone at all.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Saying that the only purpose of a gun is to kill is false.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s like saying that the only purpose of a car is to burn fuel. The purpose of a car is to provide transportation; in doing so, it may burn fuel, but that is not its purpose. And an ideal car would provide transportation without burning any fuel at all.</p>
<p>In the same way, the purpose of a gun is NOT to kill; the purpose of a gun is to provide security. In providing that security, it may kill, but that is not its primary purpose. And the ideal gun would provide security without killing anyone at all.</p>
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		<title>By: John Mazza</title>
		<link>http://www.scotusblog.com/2008/03/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15226</link>
		<dc:creator>John Mazza</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2008 01:49:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scotusblog.com/wp/commentary-and-analysis/the-view-from-cambridge-professor-fried-on-the-guns-case/#comment-15226</guid>
		<description>Sarah Klein states &quot;The principle, so conveniently forgotten, of stare decisis - let the decision rest,&quot; leaves out one very important distinction. That is simply that the whole principle itself is a creation of the Court itself.
The Court can at any time abandon the entire principle and even rule all precident as inadmissible.  Nowhere is the concept to be found in the Constitution at all.
Further, the Supreme Court&#039;s decisions bind lower courts, but not the Supreme Court itself.  It can overturn any previous ruling it desires at any time.
I see quite a bit of discussion here regarding Constitutional law as something that is merely a guideline, or quaint relic from the past.  It isn&#039;t.  Actually, it is the law, and more powerful than any legislative statute, court ruling, or executive action.
It&#039;s one thing to debate the desirability of eliminating or modifying various provisions of the Constitution, and another to try to ignore and violate them by simple non-application.
Indeed, that is criminal behavior in and of itself.  There is a way to change any part of the law, and that is via the amendment process.
Unless a new amendment is passed changing, increasing, or reducing the right enumerated in an Amendment, it stands as written.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sarah Klein states &#8220;The principle, so conveniently forgotten, of stare decisis &#8211; let the decision rest,&#8221; leaves out one very important distinction. That is simply that the whole principle itself is a creation of the Court itself. </p>
<p>The Court can at any time abandon the entire principle and even rule all precident as inadmissible.  Nowhere is the concept to be found in the Constitution at all.</p>
<p>Further, the Supreme Court&#8217;s decisions bind lower courts, but not the Supreme Court itself.  It can overturn any previous ruling it desires at any time.  </p>
<p>I see quite a bit of discussion here regarding Constitutional law as something that is merely a guideline, or quaint relic from the past.  It isn&#8217;t.  Actually, it is the law, and more powerful than any legislative statute, court ruling, or executive action.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s one thing to debate the desirability of eliminating or modifying various provisions of the Constitution, and another to try to ignore and violate them by simple non-application.</p>
<p>Indeed, that is criminal behavior in and of itself.  There is a way to change any part of the law, and that is via the amendment process.  </p>
<p>Unless a new amendment is passed changing, increasing, or reducing the right enumerated in an Amendment, it stands as written.</p>
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